![]() ![]() The em dash is used to evoke emphasis or to “set off an element added to amplify or to digress from the main clause” ( Publication Manual of the APA, 2001, p. Do note that the spacing is up for debate as some style guides and writers include a single space before and after the em dash, especially in online publishing due to issues with how browsers read and display certain punctuation marks. This is also called the double dash - and rightly so - because it actually consists of two dashes without spacing before or after either one. There are two types of dashes: the em dash ( - ) and the en (-) dash. For example, a “well understood concept” is not hyphenated ( well is an adverb modifying the adjective understood). Note, however, that adverb-adjective combinations are not normally hyphenated. This is standard practice when one modifier modifies another to form a single modifier to a noun or verb. Note that real modifies world (the world is real) and as a single unit (a hyphenated modifier), the two words together modify situation. For example, in the phrase “real-world situations,” the words real and world are connected with a hyphen. When two modifiers together modify another word, they are often hyphenated. An example would be re- or -ed.Ĭertain modifier combinations call for hyphenation. Hyphens are also used to denote prefixes and suffixes when they are not affixed to a base word. It was also used commonly during the typewriter era to show that a word was broken at a carriage return, but that usage is rarely seen these days. ![]() This post looks at the following punctuation marks:Ī hyphen is used to connect words in order to form a compound. When you use these punctuation marks, do you know whether you’re using them as dashes or hyphens? However, they are technically two completely different punctuation marks. Many people use dashes and hyphens interchangeably, which is understandable, since most of us use the exact same keyboard character for both dashes and hyphens. More than once, I’ve been pecking away at my keyboard and stopped suddenly when confronted with this versatile and confounding punctuation mark. To a writer, it’s something else entirely, but what? Is it a dash, a hyphen, or a minus sign? To the passive reader, it’s a short horizontal line that appears somewhere in a text, usually joining two words together. ![]()
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